Cataract
The crystalline lens inside the eye acts like the lens in a camera, focusing images clearly on the retina. However, as the crystalline lens ages with time or encounters other risk factors, it can become cloudy, obstructing light from entering the retina and leading to cataracts. Other causes of cataracts include congenital cataracts, severe myopia, diabetes, and other factors. In the advanced stages of cataracts, when they become "ripe", patients may develop complications such as glaucoma. Even after undergoing cataract treatment, complete vision restoration may not be possible. Therefore, cataract surgery should not be delayed.
Six Common Symptoms of Cataracts
In the early stages of cataracts, symptoms may not be obvious. As the condition worsens, patients may experience visual impairments, and in severe cases, may only retain light perception.
Gradual blurring of vision
Glare and double vision
Sensitivity to light
Diminished color perception
A feeling of insufficient light while reading
Frequent changes in prescription strength
Will Everyone Develop Cataracts? An Ophthalmologists Explains The Causes of Cataracts
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
- Severe eye injuries
- Presence of other eye conditions (e.g., iritis)
- Systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes)
- Long-term use of certain medications (e.g., steroids)
- Family history of cataracts
- Severe myopia of over 600 degrees
Cataract Surgery Treatment: Intraocular Lens Replacement Surgery
Currently, the mainstream treatment for cataracts is intraocular lens replacement surgery, as there are no medications proven to effectively cure cataracts. The surgery involves removing the patient's aged cloudy crystalline lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens to restore clear vision. Cataract surgery is typically a minimally invasive procedure that requires only local anaesthesia, allowing patients to return home the same day without the need for hospitalization.
1. The cloudy lens is emulsified into fine fragments and gently suctioned out.
2. A suitable foldable artificial intraocular lens (monofocal or multifocal) is implanted using an injector.
3. The artificial lens is secured inside the eye, completing the cataract surgery.
How To Choose An Artificial Intraocular Lens for Cataract Surgery?
With the wide variety of artificial intraocular lenses available, how can one differentiate between them? These lenses are mainly classified based on focal length as monofocal or multifocal lenses. The choice of artificial lens depends on post-operative desire for glasses, lifestyle, habits, budget, and doctor's evaluation to select the most suitable lens.
What Are The Benefits of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses?
Clear vision for both near and far distances
Elimination of inconvenience from wearing glasses or contact lenses
Addressing myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia in one procedure
Precautions for Cataract Surgery
However, there are various types of cataract surgeries. Which method is suitable for you? Why can't cataract surgery be performed on both eyes simultaneously? Ophthalmologist Chu Chung Yin provides detailed explanations.
Preparation for Cataract Surgery
- Inform the doctor if you need to take certain medications long-term and follow their instructions.
- Inquire about the required rest period post-surgery to plan for time off work in advance.
- Arrange for family or friends to provide transportation before and after the surgery.
- On the day before or the day of the surgery, shower and wash your hair before coming to the clinic for cataract surgery.
Post-Operative Care for Cataract Surgery
- For the first week after cataract surgery, wear a protective eye shield before sleeping.
- Avoid activities like swimming, intense exercise, and impact sports.
- Try not to rub your eyes.
- It is normal to experience mild itching, discomfort, and sensitivity to light in the early stages after cataract surgery; no need to worry excessively.
- If there is unexpected bleeding, discharge, swelling, severe pain, or sudden blurry vision after cataract surgery, inform your doctor immediately and seek medical attention.
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FAQ
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Will cataracts recur?Cataracts do not recur. However, in some cases, individuals may experience gradual vision blurring after undergoing cataract surgery. This could be due to the thickening of the posterior capsule, which supports the artificial lens over time. This condition is known as posterior capsule opacity. If this occurs, doctors can perform laser surgery to puncture the posterior capsule.
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Is cataract surgery performed in hospitals?No, cataract surgery only requires local anesthesia and does not necessitate hospitalization. The procedure can be carried out in an ophthalmic clinic.
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How should one choose an artificial lens?Patients should consider their lifestyle habits and communicate their post-surgery expectations and needs to the doctor. For example, whether they prefer to wear glasses after surgery or lead an active lifestyle. Based on individual circumstances, doctors will recommend feasible cataract treatment methods and lens choices.
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Why are cataract surgeries performed separately for each eye?Traditionally, for safety reasons, some doctors perform cataract surgeries separately. However, depending on the situation, this can be discussed with the doctor.
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How long does cataract surgery take? Is there any pain involved?Typically, cataract surgery for one eye takes approximately 10-20 minutes to complete. Before the surgery, patients receive local anesthesia through eye drops and do not feel any pain.
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How long should one rest after cataract surgery?The duration of rest after cataract surgery varies based on individual recovery and lifestyle needs. Some patients may experience clear vision as early as the day after surgery. For those in sedentary or office-based roles, returning to work is generally not an issue. However, since each person's situation is unique, it is advisable to consult with the doctor first.
